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New Policy Guidance on Employer’s Ability to Pay in I-140 Filings

On March 15, the US Citizenship and Immigration Services issued a policy guidance addressing the analysis of an employer’s ability to pay the proffered wage for certain employment-based immigrant petitions. This guidance, contained in Volume 6 of the Policy Manual, is effective immediately and applies to I-140 petitions filed on or after March 15, 2023. The updated guidance discusses in more detail various types of evidence and explains how USCIS reviews all evidence relevant to the employer’s financial strength and the significance of its business activities.

US employers seeking to sponsor employees under EB-1, EB-2 and EB-3 employment-based immigrant classifications that require a job offer must demonstrate their continuing ability to pay the proffered wage to the employee as of the priority date of the immigrant petition. The employer’s/petitioner’s ability to pay the proffered wage stated on Form I-140 is one of the essential elements that USCIS considers in evaluating whether the job offer is realistic.

Regulations require an employer to submit annual reports, federal tax returns, or audited financial statements for each available year from the priority date. An employer can alternatively submit a financial officer statement attesting to its ability to pay the proffered wage if it has 100 or more workers. Additional evidence such as profit and loss statements, bank account records, or personnel records may also be submitted. Many employers satisfy the ability to pay requirement by also submitting payroll records demonstrating that, during the relevant time period, they have been paying the employee at least the proffered wage indicated on the Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers (Form I-140).

Here’s what the updated USCIS guidance provides:

· USCIS reviews all evidence relevant to the employer’s financial strength and the significance of its business activities.

· Employer must submit one of the three forms of initial required evidence listed in the regulation but may also include other types of relevant evidence.

· Discussion of each form of initial required evidence listed in the regulation and several other forms of additional evidence employers might submit to establish their ability to pay the proffered wage.

· Explains how USCIS analyzes evidence and issues relevant to an employer’s ability to pay the proffered wage, such as the petitioner’s current employment of the beneficiary, prorating the proffered wage for the priority date year, multiple beneficiaries, successors-in-interest, and non-profit organizations.

· Addition of information about types of business structures to help officers better understand the types of petitioning employers and the evidence they may submit to establish their ability to pay the proffered wage

Chapter 4 – Ability to Pay | USCIS

20230315-AbilityToPay.pdf (uscis.gov)

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Immigration Implications Arising Out of Corporate Transactions

Whenever a corporate transaction involves a business whose employees include foreign nationals, an immigration due diligence is strongly recommended. Corporate transactions in the form of stock or asset acquisitions, mergers, consolidations, restructuring, etc. could trigger immigration implications. Most work visas for foreign nationals are employer specific, changes in an entity’s structure could jeopardize an employee’s work authorization and inadvertently violate immigration regulations. It’s important to ensure that employees are not rendered out of status and understand requirements and nuances of various work visas in order to analyze how a corporate transaction could affect foreign workers, and potentially the interests of a company.

In the United States, there are two separate visa categories for a foreign worker: (i) non-immigrant; and (ii) immigrant. Non-immigrant workers usually fall under the H-1B, 1, TN and E-2, E-3 visa categories, while immigrant workers are those who have obtained lawful permanent status or are in the process of doing so.

This article covers some of the implications of mergers and acquisitions on H-1B, L-1 and green card applications and I-9 compliance.

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v Impact on H-1B Filings:

Arguably, the most popular and commonly used temporary work visa is the H-1B. For a company with H-1B employees, questions to consider are whether the merger and acquisition will result in a new employer and to what extent will the new entity assume the interests and liabilities of the target company. Where the new employer is a “successor-in-interest” that assumes the interests and obligations of the prior employer which includes the assertions the prior employer made on their labor condition application, filing a new H-1B petition is not necessary. This may therefore allow H-1B workers to continue employment without any interruption. That said, any material changes accompanying corporate changes will require action steps, for example, relocation of the employee and/or a substantial change in the employee’s duties will require filing a revised labor condition application (LCA) and an amended H-1B petition.

An issue likely to come up and affecting a small percentage of companies is the loss of eligibility of H-1B cap exempt status. Certain employers such as governmental research organizations, non- profits, certain colleges and universities are exempt from the H-1B cap quota. Depending on the corporate change, the cap-exempt status could be lost by the new employer, for example when a non-profit entity is replaced by a for-profit entity as a sponsoring employer. This loss of status could render an employee unauthorized to work going forward whose H-1B was granted on the basis of the cap-exempt status. Issues like these should be taken into account and addressed prior to closing.

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v Impact on L-1 Visas:

For an L-1 visa, the law requires the existence of a qualifying relationship between the US entity and the foreign entity from which the employee will be transferring or has been transferred, and the relationship must be that of either a “parent, branch, affiliate or subsidiary.” A merger or acquisition resulting in change in the ownership structure of either entity could terminate the qualifying relationship as required under the regulations, thereby invalidating the L-1 status of an employee. It’s important to perform a thorough analysis of the transaction to determine whether the qualifying relationship has been terminated or retained. For example, if a US subsidiary of a Japanese parent is acquired by a US company, in this situation, the qualifying relationship will have terminated and the L-1 Japanese executive working in the US will have lost work authorization. In cases where it can be proved that the qualifying relationship remains intact, only an amended petition is required.

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v Impact on Green Card Applications:

A lawful permanent residency (green card) application can be broken down into 3 steps in modt cases – labor certification, I-140 petition and adjustment of status application. Companies that fall within the successor-in-interest requirements generally are allowed to continue the green card application filed by the predecessor company.

For a labor certification that is filed by the former employer, as long as the new employer assumes all rights, duties, liabilities and obligations of the former employer, the labor certification will remain valid, provided the job position and/or location of the employee remain unchanged. However, if there are any changes in job position or location, or if the new employer does not qualify as a successor-in-interest, the pending labor certification will be invalidated and the new employer will have to file a new labor certification. This could affect the lawful status of a foreign worker who has relied on a pending labor certification in order to extend his or her H-1B visa. An employee could lose his priority date thereby significantly delaying the already lengthy green card process.

During the I-140 stage, if the I-140 is pending, but the adjustment of status application is not filed at the time of the corporate change, the new employer will have to file an amended I-140 demonstrating the successor-in-interest relationship. This would also be the case if the I-140 has been approved but no adjustment of status application has been filed yet.

On the other hand, when a corporate change comes into effect after the I-485 application is filed, an amended I-140 may not be required. This is because the American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) allows a foreign national to change employers if the I-140 has been approved and the adjustment of status application has been pending for 180 days or more, as long as the new position is in the “same or similar occupational classification.” The new employment must be in

the same or similar job category as the one initially sponsored and filing of an amended I-140 is not needed and neither is the demonstration of successor-in-interest relationship

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Key Concerns: I-9 Compliance

One of the most important (but often overlooked) factors that an employer should take into account at the time of a restructuring is the I-9 compliance. All employers in the U.S. are prohibited from hiring unauthorized employees. One of the fundamental reasons in creating the Form I-9 form was to get employees to establish that they are authorized to work in the U.S. (based on certain prescribed documentation) and to obligate employers to verify and confirm their work authorization. Under the I-9 compliance, each employer is required to verify the identity and employment authorization of all employees.

To ensure that employers comply with the above, the law imposes some harsh penalties. These penalties are not only restricted to employing unauthorized workers but also extend to the failure to properly execute and retain records of employees, whether U.S. citizens or not. These penalties can range from $110 – $1,100 per record for not maintaining proper documentation with additional sanctions that may include bars to filing for any immigration benefit.

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Immigration Due Diligence and Best Practices

Any immigration related issues should be addressed and incorporated into the representations and warranties of the key transaction documents. It is a good practice to identify all employees on non-immigrant visas or in the process of applying for green cards and understand future action steps if any to ensure continuation of their lawful status.

Corporates should adopt a best practice checklist for a corporate immigration program – immigration policies should be in writing and ensure that extension of visas and transfer of employees across borders is done in a timely manner. Tone from the top matters; corporate policy should state clearly that the company will remain compliant with all immigration laws, such as timely completion of employment verification and provision of appropriate employment benefits

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L1 Visa India

How to get L1 Visa for usa from india

To obtain an L1 visa to work in the United States, your employer outside the US must first have a qualifying relationship with a U.S.-based employer based on ownership and control. The qualifying relationship can be parent-subsidiary, affiliate or branch relationship. You must also prove qualifying employment, which means that you have to an executive, manager, or specialized knowledge employee of a multinational company for at least one full year in the past three years. Your employer must also file a petition on your behalf with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Here are the general steps to apply for an L1 visa from India:

1. Check your eligibility: Ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria for the L1 visa category. You must have worked for a qualifying multinational company for at least one continuous year within the past three years.

2. Obtain a job offer: You must have a job offer from a U.S.-based employer with a qualifying relationship with your current employer.

3. File a petition: Your employer must file Form I-129, Petition for Nonimmigrant Worker, with USCIS on your behalf. This includes providing evidence of the qualifying relationship between the two companies, as well as your qualifications and job duties.

4. Attend an interview: Once the petition is approved, you will need to attend an interview at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in India. You will need to bring all relevant documentation, such as your passport, visa application, and supporting evidence.

5. Wait for a decision: After the interview, you will need to wait for a decision on your L1 visa application. If approved, you will receive your visa and be able to travel to the United States.

It’s important to note that the L1 visa application process can be complex and may require the assistance of an experienced immigration attorney.


L-1 Visa for Spouses

Can a spouse work on L1 Visa

Yes, the spouse of an L1 visa holder can work in the United States. An Employment Authorization Document used to be required, but USCIS has updated the guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the documentation that certain E and L nonimmigrant spouses may use as evidence of employment authorization based on their nonimmigrant status.

On November 12, 2021, USCIS clarified that L spouses are now considered employment authorized based on their valid L nonimmigrant status. Since the November 2021 announcement, the Department of Homeland Security added new Class of Admission (COA) codes to distinguish between L spouses and children. As of January 30, 2022, USCIS and CBP began issuing Forms I-94 with L-2S code for L spouse. An unexpired Form I-94 reflecting one of these new codes is acceptable as evidence of employment authorization for spouses.

It’s important to note that the L1 visa holder’s spouse can only work in the United States for the duration of the L1 visa holder’s authorized stay in the United States.

To obtain an L1 visa to work in the United States, your employer outside the US must first have a qualifying relationship with a U.S.-based employer. This means that you must either be an executive, manager, or specialized knowledge employee of a multinational company that has a subsidiary, branch, affiliate, or parent company in the United States. Your employer must also file a petition on your behalf with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).


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Is EB5 going into retrogression?

The EB-5 visa category is subject to a quota system, which means that only a limited number of EB-5 visas are available each fiscal year. When the number of visa applications exceeds the available visa numbers, the visa category is said to be in retrogression, which means that the processing of certain applications will be delayed until more visas become available in the next fiscal year.

As of March 2023, the EB-5 visa category is not currently in retrogression. However, it is important to note that retrogression can occur at any time due to high demand or changes in government policies. In recent years, the EB-5 visa category has experienced periods of retrogression, particularly for applicants from China, due to high demand for visas.

It is recommended to consult with an immigration attorney or a reputable EB-5 regional center to stay informed about any potential changes or updates to the EB-5 visa category.

Check our EB5 visa program for more information:

https://www.usimmigrationadvisor.com/overview-of-eb-5-investor-visas.html


Eb-5 Visa Investment Level Increase

Deciding between an E-2 visa and an L-1 visa

Deciding between an E-2 visa and an L-1 visa depends on your individual circumstances and business goals.

The E-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign investors to live and work in the United States based on their investment in a U.S. business. To qualify, you must make a substantial investment in a U.S. business, and you must own at least 50% of the business. The E-2 visa is typically valid for up to five years and can be renewed indefinitely as long as the investor maintains their investment in the U.S. business.

On the other hand, the L-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows multinational companies to transfer executives, managers, or specialized knowledge employees from a foreign branch to a U.S. branch. To qualify, the foreign employee must have worked for the foreign company for at least one year in the three years preceding the transfer and must be coming to the U.S. to work in a managerial, executive, or specialized knowledge capacity. The L-1 visa is typically valid for up to three years and can be extended up to a maximum of seven years for executives and managers, and five years for specialized knowledge employees.

If you are an investor who wants to start a new business in the United States, the E-2 visa may be the better option for you. If you are an executive, manager, or specialized knowledge employee of a multinational company with a U.S. branch, the L-1 visa may be the better option for you.

It is important to note that both visas have their own requirements and limitations, and it is recommended to consult with an immigration attorney to determine which visa is best suited for your individual circumstances.


US Investor Visa

What is an E-2 visa?

The E-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign investors to live and work in the United States based on their investment in a U.S. business. Here are some of the most common E2 visa questions:

  1. What is an E-2 visa?
  2. Who is eligible for an E-2 visa?
  3. What are the requirements for an E-2 visa?
  4. How much money do I need to invest to qualify for an E-2 visa?
  5. How long can I stay in the U.S. on an E-2 visa?
  6. Can my spouse and children come with me on an E-2 visa?
  7. Can I work for a different company while on an E-2 visa?
  8. Can I apply for a green card while on an E-2 visa?
  9. How do I renew my E-2 visa?
  10. Can I start a new business while on an E-2 visa?

It is important to note that E-2 visa requirements and processes can vary depending on the individual circumstances of the applicant, so it is recommended to consult with an immigration attorney for personalized guidance.

Please see our questions and answer pages on the E2 Visa:

https://www.usimmigrationadvisor.com/e-2-treaty-investor-visas.html


EB-5 Investor Visa Application Price Increase

USCIS Changes EB-5 Investor Visa Application Form for Regional Center Applicants

USCIS has introduced a new EB-5 application form specifically for EB-5 Regional Center Applicants – henceforth to be known as Form I-526E.

The US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) today issued a new EB-5 Investor Visa application form for Regional Center applicants – the I-526E Immigrant Petition by Regional Center Investor. Until now, both Regional Center and Direct EB-5 Visa applicants used the same form I-526 Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur. A revised Direct EB-5 application form is expected soon.

Applicants are advised to work with a licensed US attorney when preparing an EB-5 application. The attorney will ensure that you are using the correct form and can assist with documenting acceptable sources of funds. This will avoid any necessary delays or denials caused by administrative errors or inadmissible Sources of Funds. At Davies & Associates we have helped hundreds of families successfully move to the United States, and no client who has followed our advice has been denied an EB-5 Visa.

The I-526E, being focused on Regional Center EB-5, inevitably contains sections requiring more information of an EB-5 Visa applicant’s chosen Regional Center project. There are also additional questions about the investor, for example their net worth, that will likely also feature in any new Direct EB-5 application form.

Investors who have already submitted an I-526 for a Regional Center project and are awaiting adjudication need take no further action. USCIS does not require these applicants to re-submit an I-526E, but rather will adjudicate on the basis of an I-526.

However, any new applicants must use the new form. Failure to do so will result in the application being rejected. In such an instance, the applicant would need to refile, which means losing their position in the EB-5 processing queue at a time when demand is rising quickly. This can have a particularly serious impact on investors from countries in or near retrogression. We advise you to work with an experienced attorney to avoid unnecessary mistakes and delays.

The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa Program is US permanent residency (Green Card) by Investment. The minimum investment requirement is $800,000 and this must create ten jobs. Each member of a qualifying family unit can obtain permanent residency through a single investment, but parents should plan carefully to avoid their children “ageing out” and requiring their own separate application.

Read more about EB-5 Visas.


This article is published for clients, friends and other interested visitors for information purposes only. The contents of the article do not constitute legal advice and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Davies & Associates or any of its attorneys, staff or clients. External links are not an endorsement of the content.


EB-5 Investor Visa

What is the Latest on EB-5 Investor Visa Reauthorization?

The EB-5 Regional Center program lapsed last summer pending reauthorization by the United States Congress. Potential reauthorization could come as early as this week if it is combined with spending legislation due to be passed before this Friday, 11 March.

If EB-5 Regional Center reauthorization is added to the spending bill, and if the spending bill is passed, the EB-5 program will return, but with likely new rules.

What are the likely new EB-5 rules?

The most significant change in a reformed EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa Program would be the investment amounts. The minimum investment requirement for EB-5 will increase to $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA) and to $1,050,000 outside of these designated areas.

The program would also be reauthorized for five years, providing longer-term certainty for both investors and the industry as a whole.

Some visas would be reserved for certain investors, including 20 percent for those investing in a rural areas, 10 percent for those investing in areas of high unemployment, and 2 percent for those investing in infrastructure projects.

There are not yet any guarantees on this. This is the nature of the democratic process and we will keep you updated as soon as we find out more. The Direct EB-5 Visa option currently remains open at the $500,000 minimum investment level. However, the window for applying under the current terms is fast closing – presuming the legislation is enacted.

What is EB-5?

The EB-5 investor Visa offers a pathway to US Permanent Residency (a Green Card) via an investment that creates ten jobs. A qualifying family unit can each receive Green Cards under a single investment, but parents need to carefully plan to avoid their children “ageing out” of the process.

Many thousands of people have moved to the United States under the EB-5 Visa program over the past three decades. EB-5 has created hundreds of thousands of jobs and brought in billions of dollars of foreign investment at no cost to the American taxpayer.

This is an evolving situation, please keep checking our blog for more information. We will be holding as series of webinars on this subject as soon as the future of EB-5 becomes clear.

Click here to read more about the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa Program


This article is published for clients, friends and other interested visitors for information purposes only. The contents of the article do not constitute legal advice and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Davies & Associates or any of its attorneys, staff or clients. External links are not an endorsement of the content.


E2 Treaty Investor Visa Approved in Pandemic Time

E2 Treaty Investor Visa Advantages: Fast Processing Times

The head of our E-2 Visa Practice Verdie J. Atienza speaks in our latest video about some of the advantages of the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa. Firstly, we look at the fast processing times of this visa.

The E-2 Treaty Investor Visa is unique in that the work is primarily done by embassies and consulates rather than the US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) US embassies and consulates have been closed or providing reduced services over the past eighteen month as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

They have started to reopen, but this is all very much dependant upon the individual location. With places in Europe reopening after lockdown and places in the Far East and Australasia clamping down.

In normal times, applicants can expect to wait just a few weeks and up to a month for the embassy to review their petition. Premium processing is also available, whereby you pay a little extra on the administration fee to jump the queue.

What is the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa?

The E-2 Treaty Investor allows a person to move to the US with their family for the purposes of owning and operating a business. The E-2 investor must be actively involved in managing the business, but the spouse can apply for authorization to work in the US. The visa is renewable in instalments up to 5 years, but provided the underlying business continues to operate, you can keep renewing it.

There is no minimum investment required for the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa, but it must be appropriate for the business in question and we usually recommend investments upwards of $100,000. This does not all need to be cash, but can also be inventory, intellectual property and other items.

The E-2 Visa offers flexibility in the type of business you can own and operate. You can expand your foreign business, acquire and existing US business, start a new business, or purchase a franchise business.

E-2 Visa Plus Citizenship by Investment (CBI)

To be eligible for the E-2 Visa your must be a citizen of an E-2 country. Click here to check if you are from an E-2 country. If you are not a citizen of an E-2 country then you need our E-2 + CBI package. This is where you first obtain citizenship by investment of an E-2 Treaty country and then progress to an E-2 application.

The two E-2 countries with the fastest and most cheapest routes to citizenship are Grenada in the West Indies and Turkey on the eastern edge of Europe. Grenada Citizenship starts from $150,000 for a donation and $220,000 for an investment. Turkish citizenship starts from $250,000 for an investment and $500,000 for deposits in a Turkis bank.

Average processing times for both Turkey CBI and Grenada CBI are fast – just a few months and in some instances just a month or two. When you couple that with the fast processing times of the E-2 Treaty Investor Visa, this dual step route can take just a matter of months.

Contact us to learn more.

E-2 Treaty Investor Visa Advantages: Quick Processing Times

This article is published for clients, friends and other interested visitors for information purposes only. The contents of the article do not constitute legal advice and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Davies & Associates or any of its attorneys, staff or clients. External links are not an endorsement of the content.