E2 Treaty Investor Visa
What is an E2 VisaBenefits of E2 VisaHow to Qualify for E2E2 Visa Application ProcessE2 Visa Business PlanUS Business Start-UpE2 Visa FAQsE2 Visa Vs. L1 VisaRenewing your E2E2 to Green CardWhy Make D&A Your E2 PartnerList of E2 Treaty Investor CountriesE2 Visa Costs and FeesE2 Visa requirements- E2 Visa for Australians nationals
- E2 Visa for British nationals
- E2 Visa for Korean nationals
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- E2 Visa for Egyptian nationals
- E2 Visa for Czechs nationals
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- E2 Visa for Germany nationals
- Agriculture & Commodities Industry Practice
- Commercial Manufacturing & Production Industry Group
- Energy Practice Group
- Fashion Industry
- Information Technology
- Logistics & Warehousing Practice
- Retail Practice
- Startup & Emerging Business
- Mobile Application & Social Media
- India Practice Group
- Investors and Entrepreneurs
- Consulting & Service Oriented Businesses
- Visa Franchise Practice
- Mining
- Financial
- Medical Professionals
- Emigrate to & from Canada
- Moving from Germany to US
- Grenada Citizenship by investment
- Italian Citizenship & Residency
- Portuguese Residency By Investment
- Turkish Citizenship
- Moving from United Kingdom to US
- Immigration to the United Kingdom
- Moving from Australia to US
- Moving from India to US
- Moving from Singapore to US
- Moving from Taiwan to US
- Moving from Philippines to US
- Moving from Vietnam to US

What is an E2 Investor Visa?
There are three types of E-2 investor visas:
1. E-2 Investor Visa
An E-2 Treaty Investor Visa enables a citizen of a treaty country to “direct and control” the operations of a qualifying E2 business from inside the United States.2. E2 Specialized Worker Visa
An E-2 Specialist Worker Visa allows specialist workers with the same nationality as the owner of an E2 business to work in the United States.3. Derivative E-2 Visa
A derivative E-2 Visa allows certain family members of a principal E2 visa holder to lawfully reside in the United States and work for any employer in the United States.Benefits of E2 Visa?
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The E2 Visa USA offers many advantages, including:
- No minimum amount of capital for investment. While USD 100,000 is recommended, investment can be USD 50,000 or less.
- Investment does not have to be cash.
- Ability to travel freely to and from the United States.
- Unlimited renewals, potentially for the rest of an applicant’s life.
- Ability for a spouse to work in the US for any employer.
- Option to purchase a businesses or business franchise.
- No minimum number of jobs to be created.
- Quick E2 visa processing times. Application is made directly at the consulate.
- E2 visas are "never denied”, they are “refused”.
- Potential tax benefits over permanent residents.
- Ability to transition to a Green Card at a later stage.
Why Every E-Visa Applicant Needs to Read FAM

The Foreign Affairs Manual (“FAM”) contains the US State Department’s instructions to consular officers when adjudicating E visa applications. While supporting documentation requirements do vary by consulate, the FAM does not.
It is therefore worthwhile knowing the provisions of FAM. All E visa applications are adjudicated by consular officers in US consulates outside the United States.
Qualifying for an E-2 Treaty Investor Visa
You will need to prove to a consular officer that you meet each of the E2 visa requirements. For ease we have included the citation to FAM for each requirement.
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You Must “Direct and Control” the Business
9 FAM 402.9-6(F)
The easiest way to document this is through 50% ownership of the E2 Business but alternatives do exist.
You can also own less than 50% of a business owned by persons who share your E2 qualifying citizenship. Public companies are deemed to have the nationality of the stock market on which they are traded.
Note: Applicants for the E2 specialist worker visa need to have the same nationality as the E2 business and are not required to make any investment.
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National of an E2 Treaty Country
9 FAM 402.9-4(B)
You will need to be the National of an E2 Visa treaty country. A list of qualifying countries is maintained by the US State department.
Because US treaties vary by nation there are differing E2 visa requirements for some countries.
Generally, E-2 visa USA applicants who obtained in a qualifying country through a financial investment need to be “domiciled” in that country for a period of three years prior to becoming E2 visa eligible. This requirement has a number of exceptions and “work arounds”, follow this link to learn more. -
Invested or In The Process of Investing a Substantial Amount of Capital in a Qualifying Business
9 FAM 402.9-6(B)
9 FAM 402.9-6(D)
An E2 investor needs to have invested a “substantial” amount of capital in relation to the overall size of the business. An investment of USD 60,000 that is substantial for a small coffee shop is unlikely to be substantial for larger businesses.
While there is no minimum amount of investment, US State Department guides consular officers to look for an investment of USD 100,000.
Investment does not have to be in the form of cash. Frequently clients move inventory to the US business or leverage intellectual property, all of this counts as investment.
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Invest in an Irrevocably Committed Investment
An E2 qualifying investment must be irrevocably committed to the E2 business visa.
Traditionally, E2 immigration lawyers have taken this to mean that the investment must already have been spent on business activities at the time the E2 visa is filed. It is now clear that this not true. Funds placed in an escrow account do not have to be spent at the time the E2 visa application is filed.
Placing funds in an escrow account which irrevocably commits those funds to the business meets the “irrevocably invested” requirement. Funds in a business bank account do not count for E2 purposes. It is critical to ensure that funds committed to escrow are sufficient to fund expenses as articulated in the E2 Visa business plan.
The advantage of an escrow account is that if your E2 visa application is refused you will be able to recuperate your investment. Escrow accounts are usually held in by major financial institution. -
No Marginal Investments
9 FAM 402.9-6(E)
A “Marginal Investment” is an investment that provides only a minimal living for the investor and their family. An E2 investment which has the capacity to make a “significant economic contribution” within 5 years is not a marginal investment.
Generally, an easy way to demonstrate that a business is not “marginal” is by employing workers. Theoretically businesses involving jobs which will be created in the future should meet this requirement. That said, cases involving purely future jobs may be viewed by skepticism by a consular officer or USCIS.
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The E2 Business must be “For Profit”
9 FAM 402.9-6(C)
Charities and 501(c)(3) entities do not qualify as E2 businesses. An E2 business must be a “for profit” endeavor.
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Lawful Source of Funds
An E2 applicant has to demonstrate that they have obtained their E2 investment through lawful sources. As a practical matter less questions are asked about the source of an E2 applicant’s funds than in an EB5 case.
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Intention to Depart
9 FAM 402.9-4(C)
When you file your E2 visa application you will file a statement that you intend to depart the United States when your E2 status ends.
The US State Department has issued guidance to consulates in the Foreign Affairs Manual (“FAM”). 9 FAM 402.9-4(C) guides US consulates that an E2 applicant does not have to maintain ties with their home country and that a mere statement of intention to depart the United State at the conclusion of the E2 Status is sufficient for issuance of an E visa.
However, practice dictates that consular posts may occasionally question this.
What documentation do you need for an E-2 Visa?
- U.S. immigration laws do not mandate a lot of required documentation in E-2 visa cases.
- Knowing the documentation expected by different officers in different consulates is key when filing E-2 visas in a specific consulate.
What Every E-2 Visa Applicant Needs to Know

The Foreign Affairs Manual (“FAM”) contains the US State Department’s instructions to consular officers for processing E visa applications. While supporting documentation requirements do vary by consulate, the FAM does not.
It is therefore worthwhile knowing the provisions of FAM. FAM is the “rule book” by which a consular officer will assess your application.
E2 Visa Application Procedure and Processing Times

Step1 - COS or Consular Processing
The first decision is whether to file for Change of Status (“COS”) to E2 status from within the United States or for an E2 visa at a US consulate. Follow this link for more information.- E2 status is different to an E2 visa. E2 visas can only be obtained from a US consulate outside the United States. An experienced E-2 visa lawyer can help you understand the relevant steps at the applicable consulate.
- The application procedure for the US E visas is unique in that it does not involve an application to the US Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) or US Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”).
- DHS and USCIS only adjudicate an US E2 visa Change of Status cases and extension of E2 status cases filed from within the United States.
- USCIS and DHS are not involved in the initial adjudication of an E visa. This gives E1 and E2 visas a significant advantage in terms of processing time.
Step 2 - Which Consulate to Use
As consular procedures vary and processing times vary the choice of consulate can be critical. Your E vis lawyer can advise you on this choice. Consular options include:- The consulate where the applicant lawfully resides will process the application fee and adjudicate an E visa application.
- The consulate in an applicant’s home country.
- Sometimes the consulate serving the area where an applicant is visiting may be willing to adjudicate and application.
What Questions Will I be asked at my E-2 Visa Interview?
The questions you will be asked at interview vary by consulate and officer. There are however common themes.
Please complete the following form for our consular interview guide for your consulate:
Request Guide to Passing E-2 Visa Interview
Golden Rule for E2 Visa Success
The application procedure for the US E visas is unique in that it does not involve an application to the US Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) or US Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”).
DHS and USCIS do adjudicate E2 visa Change of Status cases and extension of E2 status cases filed from within the United States. E2 status is different to an E2 visa. E2 visas can only be obtained from a US consulate outside the United States.
Most visas involve two steps: (1) adjudication by DHS/USCIS; and (2) visa processing by the applicable consulate. E visa application are made directly at a US consulate. USCIS and DHS are not involved in the initial adjudication of an E visa. This gives E1 and E2 visas a significant advantage in terms of processing time.
The consulate where the applicant lawfully resides will adjudicate an E visa application. In addition to the consulate where an applicant resides, the consulate in an applicant’s home country or even the consulate where an applicant is visiting may be willing to adjudicate and application.
E2 Visa FAQs
Check out our most frequently asked questions about E-2 Visa E2 Visa FAQs
Reference links
- U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services / Working in the United States with E-2 Treaty Investors
- Treaty Trader & Investor Visas and Visas for Australians in Specialty Occupations
- E-2 visa
- U.S Embassy and Consulates In the United Kingdom / Treaty Investor (E-2)
- New Consular Fees for Non-Immigrant Visas - March 31, 2023.
Why make Davies & Associates Your E2 Visa Lawyers
Davies & Associates has helped hundreds of families move to the United States on the E2 Visa. In fifteen years we have yet to have any E2 visa application we have prepared denied when our clients have followed our recommendations.
Our immigration attorneys were one of the first law firms to obtain a CBI-based E2 Visa for a client. We achieved this through the Grenada Citizenship by Investment Program and have also used Turkish Citizenship by Investment.
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I had a great experience with Davies & Associates. They are very thorough in the approach and their have experts in this field who know the domain very well.I would certainly be leaning onto them for any future needs as well.
Thanks to them for handling my E2 visa very professionally. I had a study visa from F1 and changed it to E2. I encountered many problems during the application process. Verdie and Etta were very patient in helping me and it took a long time. I highly recommend this place.
Outstanding Immigration Attorney: Highly Recommended! Rating: ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ (5/5) I had the pleasure of working with Verdie Atienza and his team at Davies & Associates , a top-notch immigration attorney in the United States. Their professionalism, expertise, and dedication throughout the process were exceptional. With in-depth knowledge of immigration law, they provided accurate advice and addressed all my concerns, instilling confidence. Verdie Atienza and his team meticulously reviewed my documentation and maintained excellent communication, keeping me updated regularly. What sets Davies & Associates apart is their unparalleled attention to detail. Communication with Verdie Atienza and his team in USA and Sukanya Raman in India was always prompt and efficient. They promptly returned my calls and emails, providing regular updates on the progress of my case. This level of responsiveness and transparency significantly reduced my stress levels, as I knew I could rely on their support and guidance throughout the entire process. Their personalized approach, ethical conduct, and genuine care for my success made them an outstanding attorney. I highly recommend Davies & Associates for all your immigration needs.
Getting my E2 Visa was a very in-depth process that took just over a year from when I committed to it, but 8 months from when I found a business I wanted to purchase. The only reason I'm giving 4 and not 5 stars is because the timeframe was a lot longer than expected from the initial information. Aside from the timing, Verdie and his team led me through the Visa process, providing all the guidance I needed to be successful, including advising me on the RIGHT type of Visa to suit my goals. Within the process I purchased a business and the greater Davies team included lawyer Rinat who helped me put the deal together. One of the biggest parts was my Business Plan which created from my info by Ana Ortiz, who did an incredible job. The process is certainly tedious and Verdie & Christina were always there to answer my questions, provide suggestions and advice and ensure I had all the documents I needed to support my application. I appreciated their patience with my questions and their advice and in the end, the application was so thorough the interview process was quick and easy. I highly recommend Davies & Associates and look forward to working with them again when it's time to renew my Visa.
We were in a hurry and Verdie and the team were highly responsive and supportive, even when we threw in some curve balls along the way. We had our visas approved without any issues and felt confident and well prepared for document submissions and the interview. I'd certainly recommend this team for an E2 visa process.
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We are known for our creative solutions that obtain "impossible" visas, we solve the most complex immigration problems for businesses, investors, individuals, and families.
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